Robin Allers holds a PhD in History from the University of Hamburg. He is a Senior Fellow at the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies (IFS) in Oslo. Carlo Masala holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of Cologne. He is a Professor at the Universität der Bundeswehr in Munich. Rolf Tamnes holds a PhD in History from the University of Oslo. He is a Professor and former Director at the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies (IFS).